Center

Tu­mour cent­re

Skin can­cer (me­lano­ma)

Black skin can­cer (me­lano­ma) is a high­ly ma­li­gnant tu­mour of the pig­ment cel­ls (me­la­no­cy­tes). It tends to spread ear­ly (me­ta­sta­ses) via the lympha­tic and blood ves­sels.

Melanoma is the most frequently fatal skin disease with a rapidly increasing number of new cases worldwide. The number of patients suffering from melanoma doubles approximately every seven years.

Sym­ptoms

Warning symptoms of malignant melanoma can include enlargement, colour change and itching of moles or changes to areas of skin.

Cau­ses

UV radiation is considered to be the most important environmental cause of melanoma.

Dia­gno­sis

A medical specialist with appropriate experience can usually determine whether it is a malignant melanoma by examining the suspicious area of skin. If there is any doubt, the suspected area of skin is removed in its entirety with a safety margin and examined under a microscope. The PET scan is very suitable for further diagnosis.

The­ra­py

The most important form of treatment is surgical removal of the primary tumour. In later stages, when the tumour has already spread to the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs, a whole range of treatment options are used. These generally only lead to a temporary improvement, but usually offer no prospect of a cure.

The treatment options include classic chemotherapy, immunotherapy with interferon, vaccination therapy or radiotherapy. There are now a large number of new targeted and successful therapies such as treatment with vemurafinib (b-raf kinase inhibitor).

Another therapeutic option aims to stimulate the immune system (cancer immunotherapy). The active ingredient ipilimumab has been authorised for this since 2011.

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