Stereotactic radiotherapy refers to treatment methods and techniques that allow a very precise application of a high radiation dose in a previously defined target volume. Thanks to a steep dose gradient outside the target volume, neighbouring radiation-sensitive, healthy structures are optimally protected.
The necessary geometric precision is achieved using stereotactic localisation and positioning systems (mask systems). External coordinate systems can be used to define target points in the patient's body with an accuracy in the millimetre range. After three-dimensional computer-aided radiation planning, the tumour is irradiated from several spatial directions from the outside with pinpoint accuracy. The individual fields along the beam have such a low energy that the healthy tissue irradiated is only slightly affected. In the target volume, all the beams meet at one focal point and add up to the desired high dose.
Radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic precision radiotherapy are primarily used for localised lung tumours, liver metastases and brain metastases.
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